The Past and the Present in Kingstons Woman Warrior and Sylvia Plaths Poetry - Literature Essay Samples

It is important to acknowledge that the past and the present can coexist in a single work to remarkable effect. In Maxine Hong Kingstons Woman Warrior, memories are so closely associated with the present and with legends that it becomes difficult to distinguish reality from fiction; indeed, the subtitle of Kingstons work is Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, implying that the author did not intend for one to make such distinctions. Kingston does this in order to suspend the readers disbelief just long enough to supply credibility to her own thoughts. In the poetry of Sylvia Plath, however, the past and the present commingle with a far less overt purpose. Although readers do not doubt Plaths thoughts, they may question her motives. Some of her poetry is written in the present tense, some takes place in the past, and still others jump from one tense to the other. Though it may appear that Kingstons and Plaths dramatically different writing styles command equally opposing results , their usage of memory to explain present events is strikingly similar. In both Kingstons and Plaths work, memories integrated with present events help to bridge the gap two different ways of life, urging readers to consider whether or not the two ways can coexist.In Woman Warrior, Kingston begins most chapters with a memory of her mother telling a story. The chapter begins by flashing back to the past, but by following the story, we are brought to the present day. Through this simple formula, the reader is able to connect the Chinese way of life and the American way of life that the author spent her entire childhood attempting to reconcile. For example, Kingston tells the Chinese legend of how white crane boxing was invented by a woman who was taught by the spirit of the crane. This precedes the tale of a girl living in the mountains (told in first person narrative, as a memory), where she is taught to be a woman warrior. Kingston finishes off this chapter by offering memori es of the years she spent at Berkeley during the Vietnam conflict. While the movement from one tale to the next appears deceptively simple, the transition that Kingston is in fact trying to relate is far more strenuous: the movement from the traditional Chinese culture to the more modern perspective of the Chinese-American. Kingston also utilizes memory to inform the reader of the stark differences between the Chinese and the American ways of life. Rather than simply inserting tidbits of Chinese culture into the narrative, she uses talk-stories and memories to reveal the contrasts. In the story of Brave Orchid and her sister Moon Orchid, one sister talks to another about her husbands second wifes sons: Hes got two sons. You have two sons. You take them away from her. You become their mother (Kingston 125). The assumption that one can take anothers children is offset several pages later when the attempt is half-heartedly made. The result is insanity Kingston is subtly conve ying to the reader the difficulty of abruptly meshing two disparate cultures. The transition takes place over the course of her entire girlhood. There are a great many places in Woman Warrior where Kingston uses this method to educate the reader about traditional Chinese culture; in fact, the contrast between Chinese culture and American culture is found in every story and every memory. Plaths transition is a bit more complicated. She struggles to come to terms with many issues; among them, how to live following the death of her father. Many of her poems deal with this struggle: Electra on Azalea Path, for example, reveals how she felt when her father died, how she coped with the aftermath, and how she continues to live with the effects of his passing. The complexity is remarkable, as she combines tenses and mingles memories throughout the work:Another kind of redness bothers me:The day your slack sail drank my sisters breathThe flat see purpled like that evil clothMy mother unrolled at your last homecoming (Plath 75).Plath begins with the present tense, noting what bothers her now, and flashes back to the event that caused this discomfort. Within that memory of her fathers sail and her sister, she incorporates another memory, this one of her mother; it is clear that many elements of her past play a role in how she feels at present. It is, in fact, this very complexity that allows for such in-depth understanding. Because she is able to reflect upon her memories, Plath gains deeper insight into what plagues her. In her poem Daddy, Plath recalls numerous moments with her father, and how she attempted to get back, back, back to [him] (Plath 193), after his death through her own suicide. Now, in the throes of her negative memories, she realizes that she is ready to move on with her life; indeed, that she can. It appears as if only now can she come to grips with her past; years after his death, she is finally able to say, Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I m through (Plath 194). Kingston uses memory to relay to the reader how she passed from the traditional Chinese way of life to the Chinese-American way of life, and Plath uses memory for a similar purpose: to pass from a harmful childhood spent dealing with daddy into the present, where she is finally able to move on. An important reason for the use of memory in a text is to reveal how what has happened in the past molds who one is in the present. Plath does an excellent job of conveying this idea in the poem The Disquieting Muses. In this wonderfully descriptive poem, Plath accuses her mother of not protecting her sanity as a child by speaking of three ladies that have followed her from infancy, hovering to the left of her crib. She recalls bedtime stories that were of no comfort, chanting, and Ovaltine that was not strong enough to keep the three eerie ladies at bay. She remembers when the three aunts began to replace her mothers maternal duties; they taught her to dance, and to play the piano as they did, woodenly and emptily. I learned, I learned, I learned elsewhere, / From muses unhired by you, dear mother (Plath 55). At the conclusion of the poem, set in the present, Plath has become one of them: faceless, unable even to frown to show her presence. While the idea is simple, the effect of memory is imperative to the theme of both Plaths work and Kingstons. Kingstons entire text, in fact, is a collection of memories that explain to the reader how she has become her present-day self. It is a compilation of remembered events, legends, talk-stories, people, and dreams; when the narrators mother cuts her frenum (Kingston 164), it changes who she will become. When she screams at her schoolmate for being silent and gets sick for the following eighteen months (Kingston 176), it alters her future. In reflecting on these memories, Kingston enables the reader to see how she has been shaped and changed by each past event, just as Plath was.Another integra l reason for the use of memory in each womans work is to create a sense of carefully-constructed chaos. Kingston jumps from memory to story, from present to past: at some times we are outsiders, hearing the story through the authors mother, at other times we hear the authors own words, and at still other times we witness the author living out her own stories and legends, such as in the case of the warrior woman. This chaotic effect is important because Kingston herself felt a sense of identity confusion while growing up. She was unsure of whether she was or wanted to be either Chinese or Chinese-American. In elementary school, she told her teacher that We Chinese cant sing land where our fathers died. She argued with me about politics, while I meant because of curses (Kingston 167). The conflict between the two cultures was so strong that Kingston often felt unsure of what to do. She wanted to be American-pretty as a child, but opted for Chinese-sisterly because it was easier . By scattering about the memories within the reality and dispersing the fiction, Kingston cleverly helps the reader to understand the confusion she felt while growing up. Plath felt a similar identity confusion. She questioned who she was on the outside, who she was on the inside, and who she saw in herself. The poem Mirror reflects how Plath views self-image: in a mirror, which can tell no lies, there has drowned a young girl. . .an old woman / Rises (Plath 122). Plath conveys our reliance on mirrors, and the resultant reliance on self-image. Here, the self-image directly influences how one acts. The woman looking into the mirror responds with tears and an agitation of hands (Plath 122). This poem is written in the present tense; there are no memories interfering with how she feels at that moment. In her poem In Plaster Plath is similarly conflicted; There are two of me now: / This new absolutely white person and the old yellow one (Plath 110). She begins the poem by rem embering the arrival of the newer version of herself, and how she could not understand it, but grew to patronize it and even like it. When the newer version began to take over, Plath becomes contemptible, but still cannot control it. She says that she still depended on her, though [she] did it regretfully (Plath 112). Both Kingston and Plath eventually come to grips with their identities perhaps not with who they are, but with who they want to become. Plath writes determinedly about the new, white, controlling version of herself. Im collecting my strength; one day I shall manage without her, / And shell perish with emptiness then, and begin to miss me (Plath 112). She realizes that she wants to be who she was, the colorful one that is now hidden by plaster. Likewise, Kingston announces at the end of her text what she has set out to become. She bursts into dinner one evening and shouts at her parents, the controlling factors in her life: Not everybody thinks Im nothing. I a m not going to be a slave or a wife. Even if I am stupid and talk funny and get sick, I wont let you turn me into a slave or a wife. Im getting out of here (Kingston 201). Both women are resolute in their decisions, and each of them has made their way to this resoluteness by wading through a river of troubled memories.Memory plays an imperative role in both Maxine Hong Kingstons Woman Warrior and the poetry of Sylvia Plath. In both works, memory serves to bridge gaps between important life transitions, show changes in the writers personalities, and portray the emotions of the writers through their placement. These works are fraught with the past, and colored by the authors interpretations of past events. They are filled with the memories of lessons taught and lessons learned, of what was expected and what was received. It is the placement of these memories in the texts that make the works so crisp and so revealing to the reader.

The Undisputed Truth About Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 That the Experts Dont Want You to Know

The Undisputed Truth About Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 That the Experts Don't Want You to Know What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 You can have two records with precisely the same name in different registries. Some of the fields like the name and email should be consequently set. Besides, the client is made to make sure we can guarantee this consent is regarded. You may pick various names on the off chance that you want. The Advantages of Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 As it is introducing Drupal, we need to advise SimpleTest on which modules need be introduced as an approach to do the tests. An individual can investigate the Drupal Unit Test strategies to discover all the states. Furthermore unmistakably I didn't completely have the foggiest idea how to create tests for Drupal. It's easy to start composing tests for Drupal modules in case you're as of now familiar with phpunit. The One Thing to Do for Custom Modul e Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 We need to refresh our relocation gathering to comprehend what database to check in! While you can run every one of your relocations all through the web UI, it very well may be a lot less complex to investigate issues on the order line. In the event that every unit is reasonably tried it will reduce a considerable number of bugs in combination testing. While that is right, it is an OK enough model for custom movements. In Drupal 7, we'd have just made a redone module to house our movements. It's straightforward yet genuinely straight forward after you handle several uniquely crafted relocations. In the past post we set the phase to make a customized relocation in Drupal 8. Drupal is among the most famous web content administration frameworks on Earth and offers a fantastic assortment of highlights and usefulness. Drupal 8 uses modules which offer swappable pieces of usefulness. They are incredible in the event that you need to check your module's APIs. As a matter of course, the Simpletest module which is incorporated with Drupal center isn't empowered so we should do that without anyone else's help on the off chance that we might want to run tests. Key Pieces of Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 Next, we're checking the doled out worth utilizing the assertEquals() strategy. At the point when you examine the unit test compo sed for a particular strategy, it offers an incredibly away from of what that path is about and how it is expected to be utilized. Try not to disregard to call the parent framework. A unit code is regularly as little as a class or even simply a technique. I have so as to delineate information to a substance for straightforwardness of utilization. Try not to be stressed if the ideas are totally outsider at this stage. The controller we made above won't lead anything at this stage. While there are loads of answers for the most ideal approach to sort out unit tests, Drupal endeavors to give a show to improve consistency between ventures. Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 Options The class name should end in the term Test. Essentially, it is a test to decide whether our code works. Done effectively, this empowers you to compose unit tests for the essential classes and have those fundamental classes ridiculed to test the mind boggling ones. Reliance infusion and administration embodiment isn't just convenient for ridiculing purposes, yet additionally to empower you to exemplify your parts and arrangements. Nonetheless, as an advantage, we're prepared to test UI highlights. As an approach to unit test your JavaScript it is fundament al that the JavaScript is written in a way that is testable. Composing unit testable JavaScript isn't explicit to Drupal and you ought to appear around the web for instances of the best approach to do it. This is what I Know About Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 Within this instructional exercise, we will make an altered formatter for the hyperlink field that will empower a proofreader to show an installed YouTube video. Right now you should have an idea of how you might want your new site so as to take care of business. We can visit the testing page on the site, discover the recently made DemoTest and run it. Think about the period of time it requires to do so once you do a Drupal site introduce. Top Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 Secrets Moreover, including new code with test inclusion can assist you with guaranteeing that you're not presenting any bugs along with the new code. Watch code inclusion results to ensure conduct is as yet tried. You can find the la test form of that code inside this vault along with the tests we compose today. We don't wish to straightforwardly delineate 2 sections together as moved records would have an alternate ID. The Unusual Secret of Custom Module Writing Unit Tests Drupal 8 The absolute first issue to see is that in spite of the fact that it is conceivable to run each and every accessible test in 1 go, it might take exacting hours to do so it is anything but a good thought. How about we accomplish something to some degree all the more energizing and add a customized square to the module. We should fill in the rest of our tests and truly start backing our code with certainty.

Societal Issues Features

<h1> Societal Issues Features </h1> <p>The techniques portrayed inside the post can upgrade the health of the network, have arrangement suggestions, and may likewise be tended to by utilizing a HiAP methodology. The thought should rouse specialists to consider the numerous ways electrochemistry can be applied to address issues of global criticalness, clarifies Salmon. In this manner it thoroughly fascinates the possibility of Societal Marketing. Cultural Marketing is just an outgrowth of the fundamentals of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable improvement. </p> <p>As per an ongoing report a greater part Jews abiding in Germany are stressed over a development in discrimination against Jews. Having an appreciation of Spanish social and friends culture is very significant if working together in Spain. Independence Spain's social assorted variety has delivered a solid feeling of independence that is seen through solid bonds and a sentiment of personality inside the numerous social gatherings. The essential focal point of Buddhism is on training rather than on conviction. </p> <p>With both late shootings springing up around my social feeds, I had a feeling that I expected to get a couple of words in on the issue. Much the same as most things throughout everyday life, self destruction is likewise a blend of individual and cultural things. </p> <h2> The Upside to Societal Issues </h2> <p>Many occasions revealed in the standard or cultural media are identified with a wide scope of current social issues. The re are an arrangement of strategies individuals use to battle social difficulties. Somebody who shows and uses physical qualities is thought of as solid. Another case is Ariel. </p> <h2> The Foolproof Societal Issues Strategy</h2> <p>Germany has among the most minimal birth rates on earth. In serving others, you'll additionally serve yourself. There is a specific delicacy of income and social situation in France. The usa has numerous phenomenal innovations, however people need to consider their qualities, convictions, and unique circumstance before consenting to a total treatment program.</p> <h2>Ruthless Societal Issues Strategies Exploited </h2> <p>There are a couple of significant things you need to comprehend to have the option to review a fabulous exposition. Some of the cutting edge issues that have hit ordinary media alongside online life title texts fuse a rundown of social equity issues that you're ready to discover at our exp osition composing administrations. There are a few principle things you should find out about before you even start picking social issues paper points. As a matter of fact, the opposition to get an advancement can be furious. </p> <p>When you form a social issue paper, it is imperative to show your private perspective on the issue. More data can be found through the ConnectCare site. The social issues inquire about papers may show up simple to write in correlation with various subjects, yet at the same time it requests an amazingly inventive system, a gigantic amount of interest and capacity to think past the case and search information in whimsical sources. </p> <p>It is essential to take note of that each school varies. State funded schools which don't get high government sanctioned grades aren't being subsidized adequately to really arrive at the most degree of instruction their understudies should get. All understudies need to pay educational cost for all courses in which they're enlisted. Teaching understudies is a hard test since there are a few unadulterated obstructions that prevent understudy learning. </p> <p>Herd resistance ordinarily implies that on the off chance that enough people are immunized, at that point the sickness can't repeat and in actuality, individuals who aren't inoculated have some additional security. 1 chance is to check at joblessness. At the point when it might upgrade their public activity, it is exceedingly inconvenient to their scholastic life and most of them may end up coming up short. For example, a high joblessness rate which influences a huge number of individuals is a social issue. </p> <p>Primary Prevention Primary counteraction is the absolute first measure of wellbeing advancement. The social equity issues can be arranged underneath a rundown of social approach issues and social mindfulness challenges. Wellbeing isn't an objective for living, Morris clarified. Deficient wellbeing is exorbitant, as well. </p> <p>The condition is significantly direr when there is only one parent. There's additionally developing proof showing that pressure contrarily impacts wellbeing for children and grown-ups around the life expectancy. Social issue is regularly as simple as mindful and reliance. A few elements consolidate to affect the health of people and networks. </p> <p>The dominant part supposition is an advanced introduction on practically all the primary regenerative rights instances of the past four decades. Provisos in some particular movement laws make a domain helpful for human dealing. Loathe violations are a creating issue particularly in school settings because of the youthful populaces which exist. </p>

Islam The Greatest Prophets Of All Time - 773 Words

Islam is a religion that was founded by Muhammad, who is recognized by Muslims as one of the greatest prophets of all time. Thanks to Muhammad, it is the second most popular religion in the world behind Christianity, and it is known for having a large impact in humanity. The word means â€Å"submit†, which refers to the submission of oneself to Allah. Around 610 AD, Muhammad began proclaiming that an angel, Gabriel, was visiting him to to deliver messages from God. Gabriel claimed that the bible had errors from being copied and passed down through many generations. He told Muhammad that there was only one God, and that God was Allah. Allah was perceived as the one true God, who had no equal. Muhammad began spreading the word, but the Pagans†¦show more content†¦He annihilated all the churches and temples that the Pagans and Jews had built, and he restored them with mosques. When Muhammad passed away, Islam had already become one of the most powerful religions in the w orld. Overtime, the Islam religion continued to expand and did not seem as if it was slowing. Within about one hundred years, Muslims had taken over the Middle East. They eventually expanded and conquered many territories in Europe as well. Muhammad was the primary reason for the rise of Islam. Islam originated from Muhammad, but he did not spread his faith and teachings on his own. He had other important religious figures that helped him along the way. Abu Bakr, who was Muhammad’s father-in-law, participated in many religious campaigns throughout Muhammad’s life that helped bring others to convert to the Islamic religion. After Muhammad’s passing, he continued to spread the word through many friends and family members, who converted based off of his teachings. He became the first Muslim caliph, who helped further succeed the actions taken out by Muhammad. Umar, one of the most powerful Muslim caliphs in history, came to power after Abu Bakr’s death. Unde r his rule, the caliphate expanded exponentially, taking over more than half of the Byzantine empire. Umar expanded even further politically. The empire was separated into provinces, maintained by governors. The provinces were then further divided into

Beat the Market Game Report Essay - 4202 Words

ROCHESTER INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY SAUNDERS COLLEGE OF BUSINESS SPRING QUARTER 2012-2013 ECONOMIC FOR MANAGERS BTM Game Analysis Report Firm 1 Binal Patel Kun Liao Ling Xiao Lei Wella Mohibi Yi xin Huang 1 1) Table of Contents 2) Introduction and Summary Our performance in BTM game Market structure analysis Strategies of our firm 3) Analysis of our problems in the BTM game MC and MR Plant size Price elasticity Training and process improvement advertising, product development and E-commerce 4) How to improve our performance in the future Macroeconomic analysis Competitor analysis Payoff matrix Kinked demand 5) Conclusion 2 1. Introduction and Summary Our performance in BTM game Our†¦show more content†¦In oligopoly market, each firm has substantial market power with high degree of interdependence. The key for success in a oligopoly market is to gain more market share than the competitors. Increasing the price can lead to loss of market share to the competitors, so in the oligopoly market, if a firm decreases the price, the other firms will always follow, but if a firm increase the price, the other firms will not follow. The demand curve is kinked. However, lowering the price decreases the overall profit of the market thus, non-price competition is most important win-win strategy for all the firm. As the game, does not allow us to make product differentiation, the other method that can increase the sales are advertising, product development and E-commerce enhancement. If these expenditures are below market average level, the firm can lose the market share. 4 Besides, decreasing the production cost is also important as the firm can then lower the price. So the decisions related to change in plant size, process improvement and the training are also important. Strategies of our firm In oligopoly market, one important method to increase the market share is to keep the price lower than competitors price. However, because at the beginning of the game, our firm ignored the importance of the plant size, process improvement and the training, our production cost was higher than other firms. So we could not use theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Raising Companies Finance For Their Operations Efficiently Without Affecting Its Profitability1486 Words   |  6 Pagesefficiently without affecting its profitability. Equity markets are places where willing buyers and sellers can meet for the purpose of making profit. Market efficiency is the high expectations of investors in every market place. Market places are where investors buy and sell companies and government securities. 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The Global Business Environment for Globalization- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Business Environment for Globalization. Answer: Introduction Economic globalization can be described as the process of increasing economic integration and interdependency across two or more countries. During this era of globalization, the volume of interdependency has greatly increased (Chan and Scarrit 2005, p. 60). As several countries increase their acceptance of globalization, the picture of international trade has recorded significant changes over the recent years. It can be argued that the pace of change of globalization is outpacing the ability of governments across the world to manage the international economy. It has become more important to multinational business and a lot of efforts have been committed by the national governments to ensure that they create an enabling environment. A lot of benefits have been achieved from companies and nations embracing globalization and internationalization. However, there are still some challenges resulting from differences in policies, the level of economic growth across the countries, and other factors. The purpose of this paper is to explore the state of the globalized economy and the challenges that exist. Trade the Role of Governments Eds. Ritzer and Dean (2015, p. 174) maintains that at the peak of globalization is the aspect of international trade. Its also more concerned with the production networks and the commodity flows. They also stated that there are some key players in the international trade who play key role in the art of globalization; the financial markets, corporations and the consumption also plays a major role. The main objective of engaging in globalization and internationalization has been in order to trade in goods. Countries are very much concerned with the trade deficits as the balance of trade relies heavily on a balance between exports and imports. They therefore feel that its essential to have interconnections; economic chains and networks as Ritzer and Dean (2015, p. 174) calls it. When it comes to the global business environment, the governments play a central role. Sassen (1996, p. 24) argued Many governments now see their responsibilities as going beyond traditional foreign policy and e xtending to world trade, the global environment, and global economic stability. In order to create a trading environment for attaining economic globalization, the governments use a number of tools. This involves structuring economic policies, industrial policies, increasing the development of the sectors at national level. The tools the governments use include tax incentives, subsidies, export processing zone, fair trade, patent protection laws, state guarantees and loans, and economic research and development. The other tools as identified by Gleckman, (2012) may include market encouragement tools such as consumer safety policies, tax policies, safety standards, among others. Also, developing political stability, infrastructure and ensuring security is prevalent in a state are other responsibilities the government plays in encouraging economic globalization. Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Globalization Romana et al. (2005, p. 114) the holistic theoretical framework for globalization can be found in the increased integration of markets can be based on the findings of Yip for the globalization drivers. Yip had identified four main globalization drivers; market drivers, cost drivers, competitive drivers and government drivers. These drivers are arguably what drivers the international economic environment. Companies that engage in globalization rely heavily on these drivers in that in order for there to be a favorable trading environment, there should be some level of degree of uniformity across the countries. Another very important theory is that advanced by Dunning; eclectic paradigm. According to this theoretical framework, the institutions in internationalization attempt to achieve some competitive advantages over others. The second is the establishing of location advantages whereby the political factors pay a key role. Theres involves the evaluation of the alternations that can en able a multinational business attain internationalization competencies. These two theoretical frameworks are very key in the internationalization of economies. Arguably, the changes in foreign trading policies seek to achieve these factors. Another framework Romana et al. (2005, p. 115) advocated for is that of contemporary economic geography. Under this scenario, the world is described as experiencing differences in competitive levels, consumption levels, and the economical, social, political, technological and cultural differences. Economies also compete to achieve higher competitive advantage as the theory of Clusters advocated by Porter maintains. Benefits of International Trade The main reason for globalization as Thompson (2007) argued is for nations to achieve specialization whereby countries would engage in trading what they have for what they do not have. One of the greatest benefits of international trade is that it increases the purchasing power of the individual households as the wage rate increase. Multinational businesses take advantage of this in that they enter into markets where they can obtain cheaper labor and ready market for the products they produce. Globalization has also increased employment levels, reduced the level of poverty as the GDP increases. Kuepper (2017) adds that globalization has benefited global economies through increased competition, increased market efficiency and competition, accelerated equitable distribution of wealth, and increased peace and stability. Challenges of Globalization Globalization exposes a business even to more competition and greater risks. The greatest challenge as Leonard (2015) founded is the economic restrictions. One can argue that theres an economic warfare. Some countries sanction against another and manipulate the foreign policies for their own advantage. Some countries are more powerful (sovereignty and military power) facilitating ease to manipulate foreign trading policies even in an alliance. There is also the cost of protectionism. The Brexit in particular was motivated by what the British believed was formulation of policies that are favoring a country in the expense of another. The second challenge is that of politicization of international economic talks. One of the greatest challenges has been difficulties in arriving at an agreement. Some governments do not agree at all. When these disagreements persist, the businesses already operating in certain countries that do not agree to the negotiations may suffer a lot. For instance, if a country votes for a regional bloc, a multinational business may suffer the consequences arising from a country being excluded from the bloc. The other challenge is that of competition for market share and resources. When a business decides to enter a global market economy, it needs to consider the level of existing competition and the cost of factors of production such as labor. In some countries, especially the developed markets, the cost may be higher than in emerging markets. Thats why outsourcing and off-shoring becomes another option in globalization. Another big challenge as Gries et al, (2015) founded is technological limitations. Its very challenging to invest in a country with technological limitation, insufficient skilled experts and other factors. Global businesses have to evaluate these aspects as the cost of transferring technologies can be quite expensive if the national governments especially in developing companies have acquired some technologies yet. Other challenges include the language barriers, the currency fluctuations and interest rate, the decline in oil prices, economic downturns like the great recession, among others. Speaking of language barrier, Neeley (2012) held that multinational businesses face the challenge of language as English as an international language may not be the business language in certain countries. This may increase the competitive pressure as marketing may become complex. It also results in globalization of tasks and the human resources. Conclusion Globalization in the current era has registered tremendous changes which have impacted greatly on the foreign trade policies. The national governments play a major role and the future of globalization still needs the importance of government involvement. The international businesses face greater challenges as they expand globally, however, not as much as the domestic businesses. The governments strive to protect the domestic businesses against high global competition. Even though globalization is a modern tool, there are still some traditional approaches that greatly affect this concept. References Chan, S., Scarrit, R.J 2005, Coping with globalization: Cross-national patterns on domestic governance and policy performance, Routledge, Abingdon, England. Gleckman, H 2012, Global redesign initiative: from traditional governance to global governance through the eyes of GRI, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts, Boston. 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